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International Journal of Social Psychiatry
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A Comparison of Type a Behaviour Pattern, Hostility and Typus Melancholicus in Japanese and American Students: Effects of Defensiveness

Isao Fukunishi

Tokyo Institute of Psychiatry, 2-1-8 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156, Japan

Takayuki Nakagawa

Setouchi Junior College, Kagawa, Japan

Hiroshi Nakamura

Setouchi Junior College, Kagawa, Japan

Joichi Ogawa

Fukuoka Prefecture College, Fukuoka, Japan

Tetsuya Nakagawa

Fukuoka Prefecture College, Fukuoka, Japan

A comparison of Type A behaviour pattern, hostility and Typus Melancholicus (TM) was examined in a sample of 228 Japanese and 121 American college students. It was found that: the Japanese students expressed Type A, especially hostility, less strongly than American ones; TM was seen to the same degree in both Japanese and American students; Type A was related to hostility and TM in both groups of students; and compared with American students, the Japanese students displayed the defensiveness more frequently, and there appeared to be a strong relationship between defensiveness and hostility. These results suggest the possibility that hostility, a component element of Type A, is manifested under the influence of defensiveness, which is partially related to a variety of different sociocultural contexts.

International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Vol. 39, No. 1, 58-63 (1993)
DOI: 10.1177/002076409303900106
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