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International Journal of Social Psychiatry
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The Performance of the Center for Epidemiologic Study Depression Scale (Ces-D) in an Arab Female Community

Rafia Ghubash

Tewfik K. Daradkeh

Khawla S. Al Naseri

Nadia Bin A. Al Bloushi

Alia M. Al Daheri

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the CES-D.

Methods : Three samples of young Arab females were chosen from different young female populations (n=450). The translated version of the CES-D, socio- demographic and risk factors questionnaires were applied to the above three samples. A subsample was selected (n = 30) to re-rate the scale items and the same sample was interviewed by the SCID. The internal consistency and test- re-test reliability were estimated as well as the factor structure of the Arabic CES-D. The discriminative and criterion validity of the scale was also investigated using the ROC analysis.

Results: Seventy five percent (n = 350) of the subjects completed the scale. Alpha coefficient was found to be 0.88 and the split-half reliability was 0.83. The average re-test reliability (ICC = 0.59). Factor analysis yielded three factors: interpersonal problems, mixed affective/somatic factor and the positive affect factor. There was significant differences in mean total score between depressed and non-depressed subjects as classified by SCID as well as by self-perception of depression and the need for treatment. ROC analysis revealed that a cut-off point of 21 discrimi nated best between depressed and non-depressed subjects (sensitivity= 82%, specificity = 83% with AUC of 84%).

Conclusion: The Arabic CES-D was found to possess reasonable reliability and reasonable discriminative and criterion validity.

International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Vol. 46, No. 4, 241-249 (2000)
DOI: 10.1177/002076400004600402
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