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International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Vol. 52, No. 1, 19-28 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0020764006061250
© 2006 SAGE Publications

Recovery from Depression: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study of General Population Subjects

Heimo Viinamäki

Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland. heimo.viinamaki{at}kuh.fi

Antti Tanskanen

Kirsi Honkalampi

Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen

Risto Antikainen

Kaisa Haatainen

Jukka Hintikka

Kuopio University Hospital and University of Kuopio at the Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio, Finland

Background: The recovery from depression and factors associated with it are not well known in the general population.

Aims: To conduct a two-year follow-up of general population subjects and investigate their recovery from depression.

Methods: Individuals who were assessed as suffering from depression on the basis of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores were monitored for two years.

Results: Sixty-five per cent were still depressed after two years of follow-up. Negative life events had occurred more often in those who had remained depressed than in the others. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a high initial BDI score and a worsening of a subject's economic situation during the follow-up period were associated with failure to recover. Lack of use of health services was associated with non-recovery.

Conclusion: Depression may be more chronic in the general population than previously has been thought.


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