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International Journal of Social Psychiatry
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Detecting Depressive Disorder With the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 in Tanzania

Bandy Lee

Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, blee{at}aya.yale.edu

Sylvia F. Kaaya

Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Tanzania

Jessie K. Mbwambo

Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Tanzania

Mary C. Smith-Fawzi

Harvard University Medical School, USA

Melkizedek T. Leshabari

Muhimbili University Institute of Public Health, Tanzania

Background: Assessment of the growing prevalence of depression in developing countries is hampered by a lack of valid diagnostic instruments for the local settings.

Aim and method: This study attempted to examine the validity of the 25-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) in a special primary care population in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Results: 787 antenatal participants were recruited, and their responses revealed good internal consistency, interrater reliability, and test-retest reliability, and the scale was validated using content, construct, and discriminant validation methods. Factor analysis of the depression subscale, however, confirmed the need for a locally developed scale.

Conclusions: Integrating universalist and relativist approaches, through the validation and modification of scales, may help in the detection of depression in cross-cultural settings.

International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Vol. 54, No. 1, 7-20 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0020764006074995
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