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Validation of the Armenian Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (Ces-D) Among Ethnic Armenians in Lebanon

Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon, sk29{at}aub.edu.lb

Background: The aim of this paper is to report on the Armenian version of the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (Armenian CES-D) and its validity and reliability when administered to a community sample of ethnic Armenians in Lebanon.

Method: A total of 172 participants completed the Armenian CES-D Scale, the Mood Rating Scale, the Armenian Psychological Well-Being Scale and the General Family Functioning Scale. The factor structure and internal consistency of the Armenian CES-D and its correlation with the remaining measures were evaluated.

Results: Two factors correlating r = 0.34 with each other were obtained. The depression factor comprised 16 psychological, somatic and interpersonal expressions of depressive symptoms and correlated r = 0.97 with Armenian CES-D scores. The well-being factor comprised four positive expressions of affect and correlated r = 0.34 with Armenian CES-D scores. Depression scores correlated r = —0.39 with psychological well-being scores, r = —0.34 with mood ratings and r = —0.23 with family functioning scores; the comparable correlations for well-being scores were r = —0.46, r = —0.41, and r = —0.33, respectively.

Conclusions: The Armenian CES-D is likely measuring two distinct aspects of mental health, depression and well-being, and the depression factor may be as adequate in measuring the Armenian depressed mind as the 20-item Armenian CES-D Scale.

Key Words: Armenian CES-D • facture structure • depression • well-being • ethnic Armenians in Lebanon

International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Vol. 55, No. 5, 442-448 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0020764008100548


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